Thursday, September 20, 2018

What crown did Julius Caesar wear?

In 81 BCE, the Romans conquered Mytilene, a small island in Greece. This is called the siege of Mytilene.  At that time, Julius Caesar was a young soldier who fought for the Romans. Caesar was then awarded the civic crown (corona civica in Latin) by Marcus Thermus, the commander of the Roman army, because Caesar fought bravely and saved the lives of many Roman soldiers.



The Civic Crown was made of common oak leaves woven together to form a crown  It was given to Roman citizens who saved the life of other citizens by killing an enemy. It was the second highest honor given to a citizen the first being the Grass Crown.  Pliny the Elder, in his book Naturalis Historia, says that the honor is the same whether you save the life of an ordinary citizen or a general. The receiver of the crown had to wear it for the rest of his life. He had the right to sit by the senators, who have to rise when he enters. He was also exempted from public duties.

References

Civic Crown   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Crown

Marcus Thermus  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Minucius_Thermus

Roman Proverb

When in Rome, do as the Romans do, or else you are a barbarian.

Tuesday, September 18, 2018

Why is Julius Caesar called Divine?

In Roman history, Romulus, the founder of Rome, was accepted as Quirinus. Quirinius was the early god of war, identified with Mars. In later times, he was known as Janus Quirinius. The Sabines, ancient Italian people who lived in the Appenine mountains, erected an altar for Quirinius at the Quirinius hill, one of the seven hills of Rome. Romulus was the first to be raised from human to divine.
The Roman Republic did not make any man divine. This all changed with Julius Caesar. After he was assassinated ("Et tu, Brute"), he was raised to the divine status, and hence he was Julius Caesar the Divine.
In his book on the life of the twelve Caesars, Suetonius expresses his thoughts on the apotheosis of Romulus as a cover story to hide his suspicious disappearance, which could be associated with the Patricians conspiracy. The divine status of Caesar was probably also related to the conspiracy, although Caesar being referred as a living divine started even before his death. It was made official by Augustus in 42 B.C.E.


References
Temple of Caesar
Julius Caesar


The Roman Calendar

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